Fatality Facts 2019Alcohol

Overview

The probability of a fatal crash rises significantly after 0.05 percent blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and even more rapidly after 0.08 percent. Zador, P.L.; Krawchuck, S.; and Voas, R.B. 2000. Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: an update using 1996 data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61:387-95. Voas, R.B.; Torres, P.; Romano, E.; and Lacey, J.H. 2012. Alcohol-related risk of driver fatalities: an update using 2007 data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 73(3):341-350.

Drivers with very high BACs (at or above 0.15 percent) have a very high risk of dying in a crash or getting severely injured. Zador, P.L.; Krawchuck, S.; and Voas, R.B. 2000. Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: an update using 1996 data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61:387-95. ^, Peck, R.C.; Gebers, M.A.; Voas, R.B.; and Romano, E. 2008. The relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC), age, and crash risk. Journal of Safety Research 39:311-19.

Forty-nine states and the District of Columbia have per se laws making it a crime to drive with a BAC at or above 0.08 percent. In Utah, it's a crime to drive with a BAC of 0.05 percent or above.

Substantial progress was made from 1982 to the mid-1990s in reducing the numbers and proportion of fatally injured drivers with BACs at or above 0.08 percent. However, little subsequent progress has been made, and alcohol-impaired driving is still a major problem. Institute research estimates that 25 percent of crash deaths could be prevented each year if all drivers with BACs of 0.08 percent or higher were kept off the roads. Farmer, C.M. 2021. Potential lives saved by in-vehicle alcohol detection systems. Traffic Injury Prevention 22:7-12.

At the same BAC, drivers younger than 21 are far more likely than older drivers to get into a fatal or nonfatal crash. Zador, P.L.; Krawchuck, S.; and Voas, R.B. 2000. Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: an update using 1996 data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61:387-95. Voas, R.B.; Torres, P.; Romano, E.; and Lacey, J.H. 2012. Alcohol-related risk of driver fatalities: an update using 2007 data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 73(3):341-350. Peck, R.C.; Gebers, M.A.; Voas, R.B.; and Romano, E. 2008. The relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC), age, and crash risk. Journal of Safety Research 39:311-19.The minimum drinking age is 21 throughout the United States. In addition, all states have "zero tolerance" laws that prohibit people younger than 21 from driving after drinking. In recent years, drivers younger than 21 killed in crashes are about half as likely as fatally injured drivers ages 21-30 to have a BAC of 0.08 percent or higher.

The information in this fact sheet is based on data from all 50 states and the District of Columbia with imputations for missing BACs provided by the U.S. Department of Transportation's multiple imputation model. Subramanian, R. 2002. Transitioning to multiple imputation — a new method to impute missing blood alcohol concentration (BAC) values in FARS. Report no. DOT HS-809-403. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

The following facts are based on analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Transportation's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS).

Posted March 2021.

Trends

The percentage of fatally injured drivers with BACs at or above 0.08 percent declined steadily from 49 percent in 1982 to 33 percent in 1994 (a 32 percent decline). This percentage has declined more gradually since 1994 and was 28 percent in 2019. Among drivers and pedestrians killed in crashes in 2019, drivers of large trucks had the lowest proportion of BACs at or above 0.08 percent (3 percent) and pedestrians ages 16 and older had the highest proportion (32 percent).

Percent of fatally injured people with BACs ≥ 0.08 percent by type, 1982-2019

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured people with BACs ≥ 0.08 percent by type, 1982-2019
Year	All drivers			Passenger vehicle drivers			Large truck drivers			Motorcycle drivers			Pedestrians (age ≥16)
	Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.08		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.08		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.08		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.08		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.08
	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%
1982	24,690	12,139	49	19,664	10,024	51	735	123	17	3,876	1,842	48	5,993	2,668	45
1983	24,138	11,543	48	19,338	9,529	49	767	115	15	3,727	1,811	49	5,582	2,486	45
1984	25,589	11,499	45	20,300	9,379	46	859	107	12	4,055	1,870	46	5,755	2,439	42
1985	25,337	10,685	42	20,058	8,674	43	775	84	11	4,021	1,780	44	5,539	2,263	41
1986	26,630	11,409	43	21,503	9,396	44	736	58	8	4,019	1,846	46	5,547	2,242	40
1987	26,833	11,058	41	22,157	9,343	42	686	53	8	3,590	1,549	43	5,597	2,176	39
1988	27,253	11,103	41	22,884	9,580	42	743	66	9	3,281	1,374	42	5,701	2,162	38
1989	26,389	10,637	40	22,554	9,200	41	681	68	10	2,780	1,262	45	5,557	2,186	39
1990	25,750	10,395	40	21,953	8,973	41	570	50	9	2,895	1,261	44	5,488	2,137	39
1991	23,930	9,485	40	20,551	8,242	40	550	39	7	2,496	1,092	44	4,880	1,895	39
1992	22,584	8,452	37	19,573	7,434	38	506	26	5	2,172	889	41	4,734	1,861	39
1993	23,142	8,322	36	20,036	7,328	37	504	26	5	2,212	850	38	4,740	1,856	39
1994	23,691	7,913	33	20,647	7,083	34	545	36	7	2,092	692	33	4,637	1,718	37
1995	24,390	8,307	34	21,457	7,488	35	546	31	6	2,020	681	34	4,783	1,793	37
1996	24,534	8,175	33	21,631	7,336	34	525	34	6	1,962	700	36	4,670	1,804	39
1997	24,667	7,843	32	21,711	7,069	33	616	19	3	1,937	640	33	4,621	1,638	35
1998	24,743	7,834	32	21,627	6,944	32	628	30	5	2,089	736	35	4,597	1,678	37
1999	25,257	7,918	31	21,899	6,994	32	631	28	4	2,286	753	33	4,325	1,646	38
2000	25,567	8,166	32	21,819	7,127	33	641	28	4	2,651	859	32	4,192	1,534	37
2001	25,869	8,252	32	21,862	7,205	33	591	22	4	2,953	872	30	4,368	1,558	36
2002	26,659	8,515	32	22,537	7,381	33	582	38	7	3,031	957	32	4,367	1,584	36
2003	26,779	8,354	31	22,200	7,120	32	608	23	4	3,423	1,024	30	4,298	1,560	36
2004	26,871	8,155	30	21,952	6,952	32	624	24	4	3,711	1,022	28	4,237	1,528	36
2005	27,491	8,489	31	21,953	7,104	32	663	22	3	4,253	1,172	28	4,458	1,559	35
2006	27,348	8,578	31	21,592	7,164	33	678	30	4	4,492	1,204	27	4,384	1,656	38
2007	26,570	8,617	32	20,542	7,057	34	663	17	3	4,853	1,357	28	4,305	1,587	37
2008	24,254	7,961	33	18,266	6,280	34	534	19	4	4,970	1,488	30	4,069	1,545	38
2009	21,835	7,213	33	16,834	5,791	34	399	16	4	4,163	1,237	30	3,811	1,401	37
2010	21,072	6,579	31	16,029	5,177	32	426	17	4	4,207	1,205	29	3,988	1,410	35
2011	20,815	6,524	31	15,561	5,064	33	493	9	2	4,341	1,301	30	4,175	1,544	37
2012	21,490	6,735	31	15,915	5,204	33	524	14	3	4,652	1,354	29	4,501	1,626	36
2013	20,944	6,548	31	15,577	5,108	33	529	17	3	4,422	1,253	28	4,479	1,586	35
2014	20,788	6,387	31	15,495	4,906	32	536	16	3	4,041	1,199	30	4,629	1,596	34
2015	22,348	6,376	29	16,629	4,916	30	536	16	3	4,732	1,269	27	5,183	1,772	34
2016	23,715	6,681	28	17,641	5,149	29	590	17	3	4,998	1,334	27	5,726	1,968	34
2017	23,757	6,664	28	17,751	5,116	29	604	29	5	4,941	1,343	27	5,756	1,876	33
2018	23,045	6,349	28	17,265	4,957	29	583	18	3	4,397	1,122	26	6,122	2,022	33
2019	22,613	6,370	28	16,783	4,768	28	600	16	3	4,733	1,383	29	5,965	1,919	32

The percentage of fatally injured drivers with BACs of 0.15 percent or higher has declined 43 percent since 1982. Twenty-one percent of passenger vehicle drivers killed in 2019 had BACs at or above 0.15 percent compared with 18 percent of fatally injured motorcycle drivers and 2 percent of fatally injured large truck drivers. A higher percentage of pedestrians (25 percent) killed in crashes had BACs at or above 0.15 percent compared with any group of drivers.

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured people with BACs ≥ 0.15 percent by type, 1982-2019
Year	All drivers			Passenger vehicle drivers			Large truck drivers			Motorcycle drivers			Pedestrians (age ≥16)
	Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.15		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.15		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.15		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.15		Deaths	Estimated deaths with BACs ≥ 0.15
	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%
1982	24,690	8,660	35	19,664	7,328	37	735	75	10	3,876	1,154	30	5,993	2,077	35
1983	24,138	8,240	34	19,338	6,969	36	767	79	10	3,727	1,131	30	5,582	1,945	35
1984	25,589	8,203	32	20,300	6,864	34	859	70	8	4,055	1,161	29	5,755	1,886	33
1985	25,337	7,521	30	20,058	6,269	31	775	55	7	4,021	1,097	27	5,539	1,732	31
1986	26,630	8,077	30	21,503	6,783	32	736	34	5	4,019	1,189	30	5,547	1,730	31
1987	26,833	7,968	30	22,157	6,854	31	686	34	5	3,590	997	28	5,597	1,735	31
1988	27,253	8,114	30	22,884	7,126	31	743	45	6	3,281	887	27	5,701	1,688	30
1989	26,389	7,774	29	22,554	6,847	30	681	49	7	2,780	806	29	5,557	1,706	31
1990	25,750	7,631	30	21,953	6,670	30	570	32	6	2,895	844	29	5,488	1,697	31
1991	23,930	7,014	29	20,551	6,192	30	550	24	4	2,496	719	29	4,880	1,512	31
1992	22,584	6,258	28	19,573	5,569	28	506	17	3	2,172	603	28	4,734	1,474	31
1993	23,142	6,104	26	20,036	5,494	27	504	14	3	2,212	521	24	4,740	1,499	32
1994	23,691	5,849	25	20,647	5,326	26	545	27	5	2,092	427	20	4,637	1,355	29
1995	24,390	6,018	25	21,457	5,495	26	546	19	3	2,020	426	21	4,783	1,394	29
1996	24,534	5,925	24	21,631	5,383	25	525	18	4	1,962	452	23	4,670	1,433	31
1997	24,667	5,668	23	21,711	5,164	24	616	14	2	1,937	412	21	4,621	1,329	29
1998	24,743	5,692	23	21,627	5,127	24	628	23	4	2,089	464	22	4,597	1,332	29
1999	25,257	5,678	22	21,899	5,108	23	631	22	3	2,286	451	20	4,325	1,292	30
2000	25,567	5,801	23	21,819	5,138	24	641	10	2	2,651	546	21	4,192	1,204	29
2001	25,869	5,976	23	21,862	5,328	24	591	17	3	2,953	535	18	4,368	1,232	28
2002	26,659	6,146	23	22,537	5,463	24	582	23	4	3,031	575	19	4,367	1,267	29
2003	26,779	6,010	22	22,200	5,258	24	608	15	2	3,423	618	18	4,298	1,254	29
2004	26,871	5,837	22	21,952	5,089	23	624	16	2	3,711	629	17	4,237	1,195	28
2005	27,491	6,073	22	21,953	5,220	24	663	14	2	4,253	704	17	4,458	1,246	28
2006	27,348	6,101	22	21,592	5,248	24	678	18	3	4,492	713	16	4,384	1,324	30
2007	26,570	6,275	24	20,542	5,272	26	663	11	2	4,853	860	18	4,305	1,269	29
2008	24,254	5,844	24	18,266	4,792	26	534	13	3	4,970	925	19	4,069	1,243	31
2009	21,835	5,219	24	16,834	4,324	26	399	12	3	4,163	760	18	3,811	1,115	29
2010	21,072	4,881	23	16,029	3,964	25	426	10	2	4,207	774	18	3,988	1,141	29
2011	20,815	4,705	23	15,561	3,804	24	493	4	1	4,341	801	18	4,175	1,223	29
2012	21,490	5,008	23	15,915	3,998	25	524	11	2	4,652	884	19	4,501	1,281	28
2013	20,944	4,817	23	15,577	3,905	25	529	8	1	4,422	778	18	4,479	1,272	28
2014	20,788	4,748	23	15,495	3,779	24	536	13	2	4,041	769	19	4,629	1,282	28
2015	22,348	4,603	21	16,629	3,693	22	536	11	2	4,732	771	16	5,183	1,413	27
2016	23,715	4,825	20	17,641	3,875	22	590	11	2	4,998	815	16	5,726	1,552	27
2017	23,757	4,809	20	17,751	3,822	22	604	20	3	4,941	839	17	5,756	1,454	25
2018	23,045	4,592	20	17,265	3,714	22	583	8	1	4,397	698	16	6,122	1,566	26
2019	22,613	4,560	20	16,783	3,547	21	600	10	2	4,733	854	18	5,965	1,486	25

Who is killed

In 2019, the individuals most often killed in crashes involving at least one alcohol-impaired driver (BAC ≥ 0.08 percent) were alcohol-impaired drivers (6,370 deaths), followed by occupants of other vehicles (1,455 deaths), passengers riding with an alcohol-impaired driver (1,346 deaths), and nonoccupants (970 deaths).

Fatalities in crashes involving at least one driver with a BAC ≥ 0.08 percent, 2019
Age	Alcohol-Impaired Drivers		Passengers Riding With Alcohol-Impaired Drivers		Occupants of Other Vehicles		Nonoccupants		Total*
Age	Deaths	%	Deaths	%	Deaths	%	Deaths	%	Deaths	%
0-15	6	0	128	9	71	5	38	4	242	2
16-20	316	5	187	14	119	8	41	4	663	7
21-30	1,928	30	427	32	285	20	158	16	2,797	28
31-40	1,409	22	222	16	221	15	172	18	2,024	20
41-50	1,038	16	159	12	202	14	148	15	1,547	15
51-60	965	15	111	8	202	14	203	21	1,482	15
61-70	477	7	54	4	167	11	126	13	824	8
>70	225	4	54	4	188	13	79	8	547	5
Total*	6,370	100	1,346	100	1,455	100	970	100	10,142	100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Age and sex

Among fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers in 2019, a higher proportion of males than females had BACs at or above 0.08 percent at every age. Overall, 32 percent of males and 21 percent of females had BACs at or above 0.08 percent. The percentage was highest among males ages 21-30. The lowest percentage was observed among females older than 70. Drivers younger than age 21 who were killed in crashes had far lower percentages of BACs of 0.08 percent or greater than drivers ages 21-30 who died: 21 percent versus 42 percent in 2019.

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with BACs ≥ 0.08 percent by driver age and sex, 2019
Age	Male			Female			Total*
	Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08
	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%
16-20	911	210	23	410	72	18	1,323	284	21
21-30	2,568	1,172	46	1,038	355	34	3,613	1,530	42
31-40	1,988	851	43	732	208	28	2,723	1,061	39
41-50	1,544	564	37	597	135	23	2,144	701	33
51-60	1,659	519	31	622	128	21	2,281	647	28
61-70	1,408	280	20	610	68	11	2,018	348	17
>70	1,794	149	8	849	43	5	2,645	192	7
Total*	11,896	3,750	32	4,868	1,010	21	16,783	4,768	28
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Among fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers in 2019, 23 percent of males and 15 percent of females had BACs at or above 0.15 percent.

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with BACs ≥ 0.15 percent by driver age and sex, 2019
Age	Male			Female			Total*
	Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.15		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.15		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.15
	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%
16-20	911	137	15	410	48	12	1,323	187	14
21-30	2,568	847	33	1,038	267	26	3,613	1,116	31
31-40	1,988	646	32	732	160	22	2,723	807	30
41-50	1,544	446	29	597	108	18	2,144	556	26
51-60	1,659	406	25	622	96	15	2,281	503	22
61-70	1,408	203	14	610	46	8	2,018	248	12
>70	1,794	98	5	849	28	3	2,645	126	5
Total*	11,896	2,788	23	4,868	753	15	16,783	3,547	21
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Since the 1980s the percentage of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with BACs at or above 0.08 percent has declined more among 16-20 year-olds than among older drivers. The percentage of fatally injured 16-20 year-old passenger vehicle drivers with BACs at or above 0.08 percent now is substantially lower than drivers ages 21-50.

Percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with BACs ≥ 0.08 percent by driver age, 1982-2019

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with BACs ≥ 0.08 percent by driver age, 1982-2019
Year	16-20 years			21-30 years			31-40 years			41-50 years			>50 years
	Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08
	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%	Number	Number	%
1982	3,456	1,826	53	6,244	3,948	63	3,352	1,980	59	1,935	1,023	53	4,574	1,206	26
1983	3,326	1,681	51	6,053	3,859	64	3,383	1,982	59	1,847	853	46	4,615	1,108	24
1984	3,441	1,595	46	6,413	3,885	61	3,549	1,892	53	1,949	890	46	4,839	1,077	22
1985	3,227	1,260	39	6,263	3,659	58	3,430	1,842	54	2,071	914	44	4,940	957	19
1986	3,636	1,495	41	6,695	3,974	59	3,801	1,997	53	2,007	896	45	5,234	994	19
1987	3,630	1,315	36	6,802	3,975	58	4,049	2,151	53	2,128	896	42	5,402	968	18
1988	3,788	1,358	36	6,819	3,991	59	4,130	2,200	53	2,400	1,011	42	5,615	992	18
1989	3,536	1,225	35	6,475	3,675	57	4,130	2,168	52	2,558	1,100	43	5,713	1,004	18
1990	3,397	1,198	35	6,152	3,510	57	4,135	2,263	55	2,519	1,045	41	5,620	930	17
1991	3,021	1,044	35	5,623	3,183	57	3,831	2,111	55	2,479	1,049	42	5,491	833	15
1992	2,697	829	31	5,122	2,759	54	3,734	1,993	53	2,416	970	40	5,489	860	16
1993	2,805	795	28	5,065	2,658	52	3,826	2,003	52	2,475	975	39	5,737	873	15
1994	2,990	800	27	4,975	2,484	50	3,858	1,923	50	2,631	1,024	39	6,036	824	14
1995	2,983	725	24	5,081	2,585	51	4,118	2,090	51	2,854	1,147	40	6,275	918	15
1996	3,026	769	25	4,989	2,475	50	4,061	1,984	49	2,937	1,137	39	6,480	949	15
1997	3,036	774	25	4,775	2,275	48	3,913	1,947	50	2,994	1,124	38	6,870	934	14
1998	3,094	767	25	4,577	2,222	49	3,912	1,831	47	3,140	1,184	38	6,787	915	13
1999	3,261	849	26	4,653	2,260	49	3,821	1,799	47	3,131	1,176	38	6,918	891	13
2000	3,250	844	26	4,706	2,268	48	3,724	1,767	47	3,255	1,268	39	6,764	963	14
2001	3,247	823	25	4,735	2,358	50	3,643	1,700	47	3,300	1,334	40	6,847	972	14
2002	3,452	873	25	4,938	2,462	50	3,678	1,696	46	3,449	1,360	39	6,879	964	14
2003	3,260	858	26	4,852	2,308	48	3,453	1,534	44	3,420	1,352	40	7,084	1,044	15
2004	3,175	815	26	4,970	2,372	48	3,333	1,414	42	3,438	1,276	37	6,918	1,053	15
2005	2,985	734	25	5,067	2,492	49	3,372	1,526	45	3,358	1,290	38	7,079	1,036	15
2006	3,020	831	28	5,159	2,535	49	3,288	1,511	46	3,263	1,216	37	6,770	1,052	16
2007	2,728	766	28	5,028	2,592	52	2,992	1,408	47	3,060	1,211	40	6,645	1,056	16
2008	2,292	626	27	4,388	2,327	53	2,656	1,300	49	2,718	1,068	39	6,154	940	15
2009	2,049	609	30	3,870	2,020	52	2,399	1,127	47	2,623	1,107	42	5,847	923	16
2010	1,675	438	26	3,697	1,816	49	2,414	1,086	45	2,312	914	40	5,887	914	16
2011	1,722	488	28	3,612	1,747	48	2,230	987	44	2,218	871	39	5,745	962	17
2012	1,624	436	27	3,748	1,803	48	2,391	1,099	46	2,188	872	40	5,926	988	17
2013	1,381	360	26	3,671	1,788	49	2,336	1,058	45	2,138	850	40	6,018	1,049	17
2014	1,434	344	24	3,636	1,707	47	2,317	987	43	2,042	752	37	6,025	1,110	18
2015	1,591	348	22	3,860	1,658	43	2,522	1,067	42	2,121	744	35	6,491	1,090	17
2016	1,591	330	21	4,205	1,812	43	2,726	1,114	41	2,218	781	35	6,857	1,102	16
2017	1,483	322	22	4,057	1,721	42	2,830	1,125	40	2,282	767	34	7,056	1,174	17
2018	1,439	289	20	3,962	1,674	42	2,712	1,062	39	2,158	736	34	6,959	1,191	17
2019	1,323	284	21	3,613	1,530	42	2,723	1,061	39	2,144	701	33	6,944	1,187	17

When alcohol-impaired crashes occur

Alcohol involvement in fatal crashes peaks at night. Between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m., 49 percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers in 2019 had BACs at or above 0.08 percent, compared with 18 percent during other hours.

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with high BACs by nighttime vs. other times, 2019
Time of day	Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.15
Time of day	Number	Number	%	Number	%
9 p.m. - 6 a.m.	5,491	2,717	49	2,037	37
Other hours	11,292	2,051	18	1,509	13
Total	16,783	4,768	28	3,547	21

The three-hour period with the highest percentage of driver fatalities with BACs of 0.08 percent or higher is midnight to 3 a.m.

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with high BACs by time of day, 2019
Time of day	Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.15
Time of day	Number	Number	%	Number	%
Midnight - 3 a.m.	1,862	1,100	59	842	45
3 a.m. - 6 a.m.	1,520	616	41	438	29
6 a.m. - 9 a.m.	2,031	287	14	195	10
9 a.m. - noon	1,852	164	9	121	7
Noon - 3 p.m.	2,380	288	12	207	9
3 p.m. - 6 p.m.	2,713	493	18	371	14
6 p.m. - 9 p.m.	2,162	746	35	560	26
9 p.m. - midnight	2,109	1,001	47	757	36
Total*	16,783	4,768	28	3,547	21
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Forty percent of passenger vehicle drivers fatally injured on weekends (6 p.m. Friday to 6 a.m. Monday) in 2019 had BACs at or above 0.08 percent, compared with 22 percent at other times.

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with high BACs by weekend vs. other times, 2019
	Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.15
	Number	Number	%	Number	%
Weekend (6 p.m. Friday - 6 a.m. Monday)	6,244	2,474	40	1,852	30
Other times	10,539	2,295	22	1,694	16
Total	16,783	4,768	28	3,547	21

Alcohol involvement is very high in fatal nighttime (9 p.m. to 6 a.m.) single-vehicle crashes. In 2019, 61 percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers in these crashes had BACs at or above 0.08 percent, and 46 percent had BACs at or above 0.15 percent. Six percent had BACs of 0.01 to 0.07 percent.

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers by BAC, time, and crash type, 2019
		Drivers killed	Estimated drivers killed with BACs = 0		Estimated drivers killed with 0.01 ≤ BACs ≤ 0.07		Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08		Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.15
		Number	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Single vehicle	Night	3,178	1,057	33	179	6	1,942	61	1,466	46
Single vehicle	Day	4,387	2,934	67	181	4	1,271	29	964	22
Multiple vehicle	Night	2,313	1,402	61	136	6	775	34	572	25
Multiple vehicle	Day	6,751	5,856	87	187	3	707	10	489	7